Femoston Conti Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Estradiol: The active component estradiol is chemically and biologically identical to the natural human sex hormone estradiol.
Estradiol is the primary estrogen and the most active of the ovarian hormones. Estrogens affect the release of gonadotrophins by the pituitary gland, contributing to the occurrence of the ovarian cycle. Estrogens cause cyclical changes in the uterus, cervix and vagina, and ensure the retention of tone and elasticity in the urogenital tract.
Estradiol plays an important part in maintaining bone mass and has a preventive effect on the incidence of osteoporotic fractures.
Oral administration of estrogens can have a beneficial effect on the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. Treatment with estradiol/dydrogesterone combinations for up to 24 months resulted in a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol levels and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol. Trigylceride levels were raised overall but usually remained within the normal range.
Estrogens also affect the autonomic nervous system and may have indirect positive psychotropic actions.
Dydrogesterone: Dydrogesterone is an orally active progestogen without androgenic side effects.
In the context of continuous combined HRT, dydrogesterone protects against estrogen-induced increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and/or carcinoma.
The beneficial effects of 17β-estradiol on bone, lipoprotein, glucose and insulin metabolism are maintained in the presence of dydrogesterone.
Pharmacokinetics: Estradiol: Following oral administration, micronized estradiol is readily absorbed, but extensively metabolized. The major unconjugated and conjugated metabolites are estrone and estrone sulphate. These metabolites can contribute to the estrogen activity, either directly or after conversion to estradiol.
Estrogens are secreted in the milk of nursing mothers.
Dydrogesterone: After oral administration of labelled dydrogesterone, on average 63% of the dose is excreted onto the urine. Excretion is complete within 72 hrs.
In humans, dydrogesterone is completely metabolized. The main metabolite of dydrogesterone is 20 α-dihydrodydrogesterone (DHD) and is present in the urine predominantly as the glucuronic acid conjugate.
Mean terminal half lives of dydrogesterone and DHD vary between 5-7 and 14-17 hrs, respectively.
There are no clinically relevant interactions between estradiol and dydrogesterone.